US, Ohio Police Recruitment Steps

US, Ohio jurisprudence enlisting StepsC arer Exploration into PolicingCriminal JusticeSteps in the departments raisement processThe department of the Ohio recount police has immense and important aspects that are usu every last(predicate)y put into consideration during the recruitment process of effectiveness police officers. Great consideration is taken into serious account where everyone in the recruitment process is considered the same as the other no affaire from which particular group one comes from (John mike 1996). These recruitment criteria in Ohio and all the parts in the country ensure that there are no minorities or dominant groups in the police department. Before the recruiting process, the recruits harbor to have the knowledge in mind of what is expected and required of them.Steps in the survival of the fittest processThe police selection process is extensive, complex, and competitive. It basically entails a series of judgment, interviews, and analytical steps intended to choose the overall go around candidate to employ to a police division from all that are in great need of the job. A written ability test is usually given to the candidates to ascertain their deductive reasoning written acquaintance and expression as pertaining the aptitude tests .in accordance to this the personal interviews.The recruit during the selection process has to ensure that he or she is able to submit a well completed application form to ensure that they are dually secure of the selection process (Robert Kim, 2002). This is hounded by a written examination entailing the ordinary examination usually given. This written examination is set to establish whether the recruit is versed with the writing skills. New advanced test have been certain and great interest has been focus on the use of computer engineering in Ohio state police departments. This test is aimed at reducing preconceived opinion which will tend to favor some recruits and live out the close ly potential prospects. Conduction of an oral interview is the next step in the selection process where the applicator will be examined on roughage significant to the police officer place, as well as mastery existence, truthfulness, program communication skills, open-mindedness for stress, sentence, and certainty.The next step entails psychological testing where the assessment of the ability to make rational decision is considered. this test focuses on the oscilloscope of the applicant and tries to eliminate cases with past psychological disorders (Robert Kim, 2002).The recruits are then subject to a polygraph examination to ascertain whether the information being given is legitimate or not. The physical wellness and the medication test then follow in the selection process this are to determine whether the health of the applicant is at risk or not .the medical tests usually focuses more than on the wellness and whether the applicant had drugs intake. When all this cases have been tackled, the superintendent reviews the files for clarification.The readiness processThe initial state of training involves the recruit training which is manifold in making sure that the officers are able to understand the state laws a fact that provide them with the idea of what their job entails. The officers have to get a line a formal training in an academy. The recruits who have recently receive are usually subjected to the field training to supplement the theory they had passed with at the academies from (John Mike 1996). They are also subjected to the use of fire blazon where the effective use of fire arms are vividly focused and correct identification of the use is proposed. The training also focuses on the in service training where the skills and knowledge of veteran officers is updated.ReferencesJohn DMike N (1996 ) Investigation into the training and non-stop specialized development of members of the P F of. Bristol University of the West of England-82pRobert L Kim S (2002) Trainers Development Programme evaluation. Harrogate state Police Training, 146

Analysis of Juliana Barrs Theory on Indian Communities

Analysis of Juliana Barrs Theory on Indian CommunitiesJuliana Barr. Peace Came in the exercise of a Woman Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands. (Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press). 2007. ix + 397 pp. $24.00 paperback.Juliana Barr foc uses on the Texas borderlands and the Caddos, Apaches, Payayas, Karankawas, Wichitas, and Comanches. Her research demonstrates how these bands retained nurse over their homelands and how they left the French and Spaniards no choice only if to culturally adapt to indigenous practices. Barr argues that these encounters were molded by the cognate-based governing bodys of the Indian communities, their traditional diplomatical practices and rituals, and the social structures that deferred to matrilineal households. She contends that the Texas borderland fancy was vastly different than Indian-European interactions in New Mexico and Arizona, where the Spaniards were able to subordinate and control the inseparable-born peoples, oft en forcing them into labor and veering them to Catholicism. In Texas, the indigenous peoples did non accord themselves to become victims of the Spaniards. The tables were turned and the Texas Indians controlled the interactions. Unlike Richard Whites Indians of the Great Lakes region, there was no pith ground. Europeans had to abide by to the native practices of diplomacy. She describes a world in which Indians fixed the terms of conduct, diplomacy, alliance, and enmity in their interactions with the Spaniards. (7-8)When Europeans first encountered the Caddos in 1686, they were impressed by the native vill mounts. Their cabins were forty to fifty feet high and one Spaniard remarked, that the Caddo villages had nothing rude merely the name. (21) The Caddos were receptive to the Europeans because they decided they could be valuable allies because of the guns and horses the Europeans came to trade. Alliances betwixt the indigenous people and the Europeans was constantly influen ced the Indians traditions.They developed elaborate public have rituals conducted by the male hierarchy. The Caddos used the same methods of diplomacy as they did when they did agate line with other bands. The French culture was similar to that of the Caddos, and they shared Caddo values without expecting the Caddos to slang French doctrine. The French allowed them to continue their sovereignty and accept the elevated shape of women in Caddo culture. The French were open to become integrated into the Caddo matrilineal system in order to trade their goods with the Indians. The same cannot be said of the Spaniards. They did not generalise native culture and traditions centered on matrilineal affinity and immediately tried to change it. Spanish soldiers and missionaries tried to force their principle on the Texas Indians.The situation was further complicated by the lack of Spanish women. The Indians set(p) much value on women and considered them to be vital to pick of their cul ture. The presence of women was considered to be a sign of peaceful intentions and a allegiance by the Spanish to peace and stable relationships. Because the Spanish had no women and children with them, the natives considered this to be an indication that the Spaniards were in Texas as aggressors. At first, the Caddos believed the Spaniards images of the Virgin Mary was meant as a signal of their appreciation of the value of distaffs, unless they were soon disillusioned. Spaniards did not downstairsstand that in these native cultures, gender structured social and political relationships. Women played important central roles in hospitality rituals, and fictive kin relationships were vital to creating truces.The Spanish soldiers frequently abused and mistreated women. Their missionaries attempted to convert Indian women and mistook their openness to be a sign of promiscuity that compulsory to be rectified. The Indian communities came under pressure from the Spanish missionaries t o abandon their deviant ideas about gender and alter basic fundamentals of their societies. In repartee to this pressure and the mistreatment of native women by the Spaniards which violated cultural and political protocols, in 1693 the Caddos drove the Spaniards out of their district and into central Texas.Apache women played a evidentiary diplomatic role because they were associated with peace and were allowed to move freely throughout the territory and across social and political boundaries as mediators and emissaries. (13) Barr demonstrates how the diplomatic overtures begun by Apache women cease with the meeting of Spanish and Apache women to hammer out a truce. (174) Political use of female captives were often brokers of peace. In response to Apache horse raids, the Spaniards began taking Apache women and children as prisoners of war or as slaves and refused to return them to their families. These captives were then used them as bartering tools. This created increased tensi ons with the kin-based native peoples. In addition to their role in diplomatic relations, women were also vital to strengthening alliances between the Indian groups and the Europeans. In the aboriginal years, Apache women were captured by Caddo men and purchased by the French.Eventually, the Apaches and Spaniards reached a military alliance in mutual defense against attacks by Comanches, Wichitas, and Caddos, still only after the Spaniards recognized the value of women in regards to diplomacy. As a show of their peaceful intentions, the Spaniards freed their Apache female slaves. In good faith, the Apache sent women to Spanish presidios to convey their reciprocity towards peace. The Apache women and children who were prisoners of the Spaniards intimate Spanish and served as negotiators and translators. Women and children were traded back and forth between the Indians and Europeans. They also served as symbols of peace. According to Barr, Native American constructions of social or der and of political and economic relationships-defined by general terms of kinship-were at the crux of Spanish-Indian politics. (2)According to Barr, these raids placed women at the very center of violence and diplomacy. (164) As the Spaniards finally came to understand the importance of women in the Indian communities, they were allowed to mingle and intermarry with the Indians. As a result, Spaniards were able to achieve some political cause and the natives attained economic gain. Barr points out that native women not only served as negotiators in diplomacy, but they also were full contributors to Texas history. Although men of the different warring groups established truces, but customary practices involving women proved crucial to maintaining the peace agreements that followed. (246)Barrs research is important to Plains Indian and Texas historiography because she demonstrates how the Texas Indians controlled the rules of engagement between the indigenous peoples and the Euro peans. The author distinguishes three phases of Spanish-native interactions which fall under the categories of trade, mission, and settlement. She contends that the natives were demographically superior to the Europeans. The author also postulates that gender was the foundation on which the native kinship systems in the Texas borderlands operated. She contends that these Spanish-Indian relationships were not based on hierarchies of race and class, but instead relied on gender. According to Barr, gender was the basis of power of the Caddos, Apaches, Karankawas, Wichitas, and Comanches. This allowed these native groups to negotiate with Europeans through gendered standards and practices in political economies of gift giving and hospitality, alliances instituted in joint family settlements, honors and dishonors inherent in violence and war, exchanges of women through intermarriage, captivity and hostage taking, and political relationships conceived through fictive and real kinship. (2 89)Barrs main argument is that the potential difference for success or failure of Europeans to forge associations with the various native groups depended on the Europeans capability to understand and accommodate gendered kinship practices. She also maintains that the various Indian groups had no concept of state therefore, their political organizations were based on age and gender. She contends that in cross-cultural encounters, gender was performative, meaning not what people are, but what people do through distinctive postures, gestures, clothing, ornamentation, and occupations. (11) Thus, gender serves as a form of nonverbal communication in situations where there is no familiar language.To substantiate her arguments, Barr has recreated the social structures of the different Indian groups and uses them to analyze the accounts of the encounters. Because there were no original native sources, Barr relied heavily on Spanish sources. As a result she has had to make some conjectures to understand Indian perspectives on power and peace. Barr uses a variety of primary and secondary sources. She has included maps and illustrations to help the ratifier understand the ever-changing alliances and interactions. Barr invites her readers to stand metaphorically in Indian area and to contemplate Spanish colonialism in eighteenth century Texas from the perspective of the Texas Indians. (295) Her disc is a study of interethnic relations which encourages historians to explore the perspective of gendered practices of peace.Juliana Barr has been an associate professor at the Duke University since 2015. Dr. Barr previously was associated with Rutgers University and the University of Florida-Gainesville. She specializes in early American history, the Spanish borderlands, American Indians, and women and gender.

Quantitative Research in Health, Safety, and Environment

denary Research in Health, safe, and EnvironmentCasey damnAbstractIn this article, numeric research in the health, sentry duty, and environmental (HSE) atomic number 18a will be discussed. The primary quantitative ray utilized is the guard charge. With the rubber commissioning, engage communication lines with management on issues in the plain stitch quarter be achieved. decimal research provides the ability to translate new(prenominal) peoples safety ineluctably or perceptions (Austin Sutton, 2014). It completelyows an constitution to become a safety-first culture. In tack to build upher to achieve this type of culture the organization needs to be aw ar of needed enhancements. This is why quantitative safety research is snappy to an organization. This paper will discuss the methods utilized for quantitative research, and how the effectiveness is careful in that research. MGs safety perpetration will be utilized to take a hop new(prenominal) quantitative tools. This let ins diaphragm Work Authority (SWA), meaning value policy, and regular HSE meetings. This paper will also inform the reader on the importance of quantitative research to enhance some(prenominal) organizational programs.Quantitative Research in Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE)A alert primary tool utilized in the health, safety, and environmental (HSE) field is the safety committee. The committee is required to provide input on incidents, recommendations, and better practices to enhance the overall organization (Kellerman, 2012). A safety committee is single way that management and frontline employees passel disseminate share k directledge opinions. This sharing of information can be vital as there are different levels of insight from the employees on this committee. By having different levels of insight, an organization is able to grow and expand. The safety committee is also utilized in workplace inspections to provide insight as well as to enlarge pa yoff levels. A supervisor is whitethorn be busy supervising employees and production levels which could compromise safety. With a designated committee performing safety inspections, it allows the supervisors to fully perform tasks safely.A safety committee is also paramount as another tool for quantitative research. Quantitative research is a systematic process that examines relationships and interactions (Burns Grove, 2005). In order to be more proactive towards accident prevention, an organization should work towards becoming a safety-first culture. In becoming a safety-first company, an organization should initially understand the needs of the employees. This can be accomplished by utilizing questionnaires. Every safety committee member is given a questionnaire at the beginning, middle, and end of the time served on the committee. It is required each member serve a tenue of one division on the committee. So each questionnaire provides a starting point to understand individual v iews and on-going needs for the organization. Questionnaire results could show other immediate needs of an organization, much(prenominal) as more gage from management. It also reveals various best practices to utilize in specific operations that keep people safe, and increase gather margins.These best practices allow for a much higher successful murder rate, payable to employee buy-in. With safety committee providing quantitative research to the organization, it truly provides direct money-saving tasks to an organization (Kellerman, 2012). In addition to the safety committee, all employees are issued Stop Work Authority (SWA). A SWA gives any employee the right and debt instrument to assure any unsafe tasks or condition. As cited in Morrison (2015), if employees utilized SWA all(prenominal) time an issue arises, majority of incidents and fatalities would be eliminated. However, a gap ordinarily seen in SWA is employees do not utilize it as often due to fear of retribution f rom the employer (Morrison, 2015). To overcome this issue, MG Resins has implemented a spunk Value policy. MG Resins is a polymer production plant that is under construction. The Core Value policy defines employee roles and responsibilities, including the safety committee. It outlines that all employees have the right and obligation to utilize a SWA for any individual or group tasks without any retribution. If any retaliation occurs, it should be reported to management immediately.In order to effectively and efficiently close any gaps involving HSE issues, management holds regularly schedule meetings with employees. These meetings include weekly, monthly, and quarterly held review meetings with employees. During these meeting with management top HSE issues are presented and discussed with employees. Employees are constantly encouraged to engage in the discussion. With employees feeling that their insight is needed and approved, the more proactive effects an organization will achiev e. This increase in employee involvement also increases employees morale to work in a safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly workplace.MG Resins has greatly improved since implementation of these quantitative research tools. With these quantitative methods of the SWA, Core Value policy, and regular HSE meetings more employees are freely voicing opinions and reporting incidents. There were zero recordable injuries, zero environmental spills, and only two first-aid cases this year to date. Management has also fully back up and embraced proactive solutions to reduce and eliminate future incidents.With this quantitative involvement, management is now able to effectively document and understand HSE issues directly via employees. With more proactive employee involvement, the more likelihood the organizations goals and visions should be achieved. As a matter of fact, one employees quantitative feedback allowed MG to increase production rates by eliminating adult male involvement and establishing robotics. One production line required employees to physically ravisher and tie-off the final product. To complete only one order could take up to four hours. During an HSE meeting this topic was brought up not only for safety reasons, but for production as well. This proactive action of implementing robotics allowed employees to perform other critical tasks, while the robotics completed this one lengthy task.In my opinion, as a safety professional, quantitative research is a required indispensableness to improve any organization. The future use of quantitative research is coagulate in the MG organization as well as in the HSE field. Without quantitative research employers and safety professionals would not be able to be as proactive in their programs. The future of quantitative research should include researching newer technologies. The newer generations are becoming more tech-savvy, and this may be an opportunity to get in-touch with a bigger audience. The more in put an organization can receive, the great the potential for the organization to succeed. Management needs to grasp this opportunity to support the employees and customers in order to enhance the organization.However, a roadblock with many safety professionals is the ability to convince upper management that quantitative research is vital in supporting production operations. It is my opinion, that at times, management disregards safety at employees detriment and well-being. It is only when a tragedy happens, that management will consequently seek out safety. A good safety professional moldiness find common ground for proving to management that quantitative research and production go hand-in-hand. Before tragedies occur, it is my opinion, that implementing a quantitative safety program can be an asset for any organization. Any organization, including MG, would do well in finding a balance between implementing quantitative safety and production. When all levels of management and emp loyees equally understand that no safety will be sacrificed for production, it is then that the companys goals will be achieved.ReferencesAustin Z. Sutton J. (2014). Qualitative research acquire started.Retrieved from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4275140/Burns N., Grove S.K. (2005). The practice of nursing research conduct, critique, and utilization. Retrieved from http//www.health.herts.ac.uk/immunology/Web%20programme%20-%20Researchhealthprofessionals/definition_of_quantitative_resea.htmKellerman M. (2012). Safety committees Just hype or do they really benefit a company.Retrieved from http//www.usfsafetyflorida.com/Resources/Consultant-s-Corner/Safety-Committees-Just-Hype-or-Do-They-Really-Benefit-a-CompanyMorrison K. (2015). Stop-work authority Empowering workers to halt a dangerous situation can attend to prevent injuries, experts say. Retrieved from http//www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/12346-stop-work-authority

Correlation Between Family and Domestic Violence

Correlation betwixt Family and domesticated wildnessAssesswork forcet Task 1The following rise is a discussion of the coefficient of correlation between family and domestic wildness and impacts this has on psychological wellness. Authoritative journal articles which form the basis of evidence-based blueprint leave behind be used to discuss the impact of domestic violence on psychogenic wellness taking into consideration bio psychosocial factor outs influencing domestic violence and rational health for adults and children. This essay will discuss contains role that identified holistic and consumer-oriented recovery approach by using strong therapeutic intercourse and it will be also focusing on nursing pro boundaries that recognize a range of nursing estimate and legal responsibility.Domestic violence is one of the main factors of rational health issues that affect the psychosocial well- world of thousands of families a year (Healey, 2014). Domestic violence is d efined as pop offring when an abuse person within an intimate descent is intimidated, threatened or controlled by the abusing partner (OBrian et al, 2013). Domestic violence includes emotional, psychological, physical, sexual and economic abuse (Healey, 2014). free pardon planetary Australia (2013) identified that in the majority of cases, women and children are the dupes of domestic violence. Children cognize trauma witnessing violence in the family, which can engage a draw out psychological effect (Amnesty International Australia, 2013) for causa, children living where they witness that their father abusing the perplex on daily basis, can result in an aggressive humour towards women. O Brian et al., (2013) stated that domestic violence can also occur between female on male, and between same-sex couples. There are some(prenominal) types of family structure including single parent families, same sex parents families, nuclear families and amalgamate families. For the purp ose of this essay, the main focus will be on the correlation between on the family members and domestic violence and the impact this has the mental health of the mother, father, and child. According to OBrian et al., (2013) men are more presumable to be the act of continuous, physical and sexual abuse whereas women are more likely to exhibit emotional abuse. In terms of the impact of domestic violence on mental health, there is a consensus among the literature which indicates similar feelings and experiences of men and women which include fear and loss of feelings of recourse, feelings of guilt and shame, anxiety, unresolved anger, loneliness and isolation and depression. Although, the physical and psychological issue is common in domestic violence, psychological abuse has long-term adverse effect on victims well-being (Ramsay et al., 2012). In domestic violence studies, physically and sexually assaulted women take for a high rate of depression which ensues to post-traumatic st ress disorder (PTSD) (Lacey et al., 2013). well-nigh of the studies mainly focus on female victim the main understanding behind violence against men goes unreported due to fear of sphacelus from the society and lack of available support group for men (Dirjber, Reijnders, Ceelen, 2013). Studies ensnare that men are experiencing less physical assault however, mostly they human face emotional, psychological and verbal abuse (Day et al., 2009). Although, men and women experiencing domestic violence other than the long-term impact are same which associate with different mental disorder such as dysthymia, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar affectional disorder, depression, schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis (Trevillion et al., 2012). Growing up in the violent environment, children will flummox less attachment with their parents and antisocial behavior later on their flavour (Herrenkohl et al., 2011 Bailey Eisikovits, 2014). Lanius, Vermetten and Pai n (2010) stated that physical abuse is one of the major factors of puerility trauma which lead to risk for psychiatric morbidity. The conflict between partners, non only affected their blood it also impacts on mental term of their children. health lord spend more time to assess their persevering, which allowed them to call patient ofs problems and determined to choose the best action for the recovery. W the right way, Sparks and OHair (2013) feature identified that the verity of assessment is the main tool to connect and hand with the patient to detect key problems. Hungerford et al., (2015) have stated that the assessment determines what patient experiencing and how these experience affecting them. It can be only possible when health professional build therapeutic communication with the patient. A bio psychosocial approach brings in concert all the aspects to avoid conflicts which consider biological, psychological and social dimensions (Hungerford et al., 2015 Melchert, 2010). According to Sadigh (2013) a bio psychosocial assessment useful to total past and current information, and look for patients future(a) condition. Therefore, this identifies patients past and present issues and encourage them to discuss about what changes that they would like to straighten out to recover from those issues. Person-centred care is an approach which involves patient and their families decisions to assure most earmark need (Clissett at al., 2013 Hungerford et al., 2015). When health professional taking person-centred care approaches, they have to consider patients sustain decision about how they wish to receive. It is also classical that health professional should not prejudge to the mental health patient and build trusting relationship by applying therapeutic communication (Hungerford et al., 2015). nanny-goat consideration is all about gathering more information from the client, by using various types of assessment and communication techniques. It is al so important for the treat to aware patients age, gender, religion, employment status and relationship with their family or partners. Townsend (2015) described that a therapeutic interpersonal relationship is the nursing process, where psychiatric protect focuses to get more information from the patient in various mental health setting. A therapeutic interpersonal relationship classified in intravenous feeding kinds the interaction phase, the orientation phase, the working phase and the termination phase. In preinteraction phase defy prepare for first meeting with the client, during orientation phase nurse create environment to establish trust with the client, working phase nurse maintain trust promoting clients insight and perception, and termination phase evaluate client condition for the further assessment. According to Townsend (2015) while implementing therapeutic interpersonal relationship, nurse mustiness be aware of the boundaries in nurse and client relationship which includes materials, social, personal and professional boundaries that allow nurses to recognise acceptable limit. For example, touching clients interpret them comfort and encouragement as nature of nursing care however, nurse must considerate professional boundaries and apply subdue non-verbal communication. Nurse must maintain the professional relationship towards client instead of personal relationship i.e. romantic, sexual, or other similar personal relationship is not appropriate between nurse and client. Every individual patient have their own triggers, the nurse must understand and implement accordingly. Although, mental health assessment considers all aspect of the patient, each time it should occur when health professional interaction with the patient (Hungerford et al., 2015). Mental state examination (MSE), clinical risk assessment, and suicidal assessment are the most common assessment mental health (Hungerford et al 2015). Mental state examination is the fundamental f actor of patients assessment, clinical risk assessment identifies potential risk and aspersed the direct of risk (Szmukler and Rose, 2013) and suicidal assessment include variety of interventions to assure patients safety and encourage better health. Every state has their own mental health assessment and framework, whereas New South Wales implemented the Mental Health Outcomes and assessment Tools (MH-OAT) to measure the effectiveness of the health care provided (NSW Health, 2013). MH-OAT includes MSE, substance use, physical examination, family story and development history (Hungerford et al 2015). MH-OAT helps health professionals to work effectively and efficiently by ensuring NSW meet National Standard of Mental Health reverence and which provide standard clinical document that include triage, assessment, care plan, brush up and discharge (NSW brass Health, 2014). According to the Australian Collage of Mental Health Nurses (2013) standard practice provide practical bench mark which minimise direct of performance for register nurses in mental health setting this includes 9 standard practices which are acknowledging cultural diversity, establishing collaborative partnership, developing therapeutic communication, set other stakeholders contribution, reduce stigma, demonstrate evidence-based practice, practice common law and medical specialist qualifications. It is very important that nurses must familiar with the legal and ethical scene of mental health care. In Australia, each state has its own mental health legislation which known as Mental Health sham (MHA) MHA protect as individual and community by emphasising on providing right treatment in least restrictive environment (Hungerford et al 2015).In conclusion, this essay successfully correlated between family and domestic violence which lead to various mental health problems by giving perfect example of affected family. It discussed major mental health priorities and strategies such as effectiv e therapeutic communications, therapeutic interrelationship, person-centre approach and bio psychosocial approach which reduce conflict and minimize potential risk for themselves and patients. It also explained the importance of the nursing assessments and legislations for the nurses.ReferencesAmnesty International Australia. (2013, July 19). Mythbusting violence against women. Retrieved from www.amnesty.org.au.Bailey, B., Eisikovits, Z. (2014). Violently reactive women and their relationship with their abusive mother. Journal of social Violence, doi 10.1177/0886260514549463, 1-24.Clissett, P., Porock, D., Harwood, R. H., Gladman, J. R. (2013). The challenges of achieving person-centred care in acute hospitals A qualitative write up of people with dementia and their families. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(11), 1495-1503.Day, A., OLeary, P., Chung, D., Justo, D. (2009). Domestic Violence Working with Men research, practice experiences and integrated responses. Le ichardt, NSW, Australia The Federation Press.Dirjber, B. C., Reijnders, U. J. L., Ceelen, M. (2013). Male victim of domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence, 28(2), 173-178.Healey, J. (2014). Domestic and family violence. Balmain, NSW The Spinney Press.Herrenkohl, T. I., Moylan, C. A., Tajima, E. A., Klika, J. B., Herrenkohl, R. C., Russo, M. J. (2011). Longitudinal Study on the cause of Child Abuse and Childrens Exposure to Domestic Violence, Parent-Child Attachments, and Antisocial way in Adolescence. Journal of interpersonal violence, 26(1), 111-136.Hungerford, C., Hodgson, D., Clancy, R., Monisse-Redman, M., Bostwick, R., Jones, T. (2015). Mental Health give care An first appearance for Health Professionals in Australia (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http//online.vitalsource.com/books/9780730317487/epubcfi/6/62.Lacey, K. K., McPherson, M. D., Samuel, P. S., Sears, K. P., Head, D. (2013). The Impact of Different Types of Intimate teammate Violence on the Mental and Physi cal Health of Women. Journal of interpersonal Violence, 28(2), 359-385.Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E., Pain, C. (2010). The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and disease The Hidden Epidemic. United Kingdom Cambridge University Press.Melchert, T. P. (2010). The growing need for a co-ordinated biopsychosocial approach in mental health care. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(1), 356-361.NSW Government Health. (2014, August 28). MH-OAT for Mental Health Professionals. Retrieved from http//www.health.nsw.gov.au/mhdao/DM/Pages/professionals.aspxNSW Health. (2013, October 30). MH-OAT for Mental Health Professionals. Retrieved from http//www.health.nsw.gov.au/mhdao/mhprof_mhoat.aspO Brian, K.L., Cohen, L., Pooley, J. A., Taylor, M. F. (2013). Lifting the Domestic Violence Cloak of Silence Resilient Australian Womens Reflected Memories of their Childhood Experiences of Witnessing Domestic Violence. Journal of Family Violence, 28(1), 95-108.Ramsay, J., Rutterford, C., Gregory, A., Dunne, D., Eldridge, S., Sharp, D., Feder, G. (2012, Sep). Domestic violenceknowledge, attitudes, and clinical practice of selected UK primary healthcare clinicians. British Journal ofGeneralPractice, 1(1), 647-655.Sadigh, M. R. (2013). Development of the biopsychosocial model of medicine. realistic Mentor, 15(4), 362-365.Szmukler, G., Rose, N. (2013). Risk assessment in mental health care set and costs. Behavioral Sciences the Law, 31(1), 125-140.The Australian Collage of Mental Health Nurses. (2013). Standards of Practice in Mental Health Nursing. Retrieved from http//www.acmhn.org/publications/standards-of-practiceTownsend, M. (2015). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA F. A. Davis Company.Trevillion, K., Oram, S., Feder, G., Howard, L. M. (2012). Experiences of Domestic Violence and Mental Disorders A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e51740.Wright, K., Sparks, L., OHair, D. (201 3). Health Communication in the 21st one C (2nd ed.). New York Wiley-Blackwell.